Activity 1.1.1- Jordan

1.     Define civil engineering.

An engineer trained in the design of constrution at public works.

2.     Define architecture.
Art and science of desinging buildings for human habitation.

3.     Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?

Neolithic architecture is some of the oldest architecture recorded using stones and mud.

4.     In ancient times how were building materials chosen?

Whatever material that was avaliable to the area.  

5.     Give two examples of vernacular architecture.

One example would be the homes carved out of stone like Petra.
Another example are igloos because they use ice which is all they have to use.

6.     Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.

Post and lintel systems were very popular. It was used as having two vertical blocks with a verticle block supporting on top.

7.     What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?

The pyramids were built for beliefs that your souls needeed a place to rest so they were built as rest places.

8.     What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.
Post and lintel

9.     What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?

The needed an entrance to their structures

10. Explain how an arch is created.

Arch are created by stacking blocks in a curved way to eventually support eachother

11.  How is the vault used in civil engineering?

Vaults are used in the construction of bridges, walkways, and other design projects.

12.  Give an example of an arch and dome system.

Midle age gothic cathedrals

13.  Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?

Reinforced concrete is a material used now that wasnt used in the acient times. This material allows us to build our buildings very tall without collapsing.

14.  What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?

To provide water througout the city.

15.  Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.

Greek roads were designed for commerical needs, so they travels by rivers. Roman roads were built to travel armies so the would cross rivers and were much nicer roads then the Greek's.

16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.

Roman bridges were some of the first supportable bridges. They were crafted with stone and used an arch type system.

17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?

Building methods were greatly changed because of the Romans. Romans introduced new ideas for roads, created domes, and brought creation to the vault.

Conclusion

1.     Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?

The is a Hard Rock Cafe shaped as a pyramid in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. This pyramid functions differently the the eghyption pyramids because it is crafted as a pyramid to resemble the egyption pyramids. i think it is like this to seem unique and stand out.

2.     Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.

Football staidums use domes and archs.

3.     What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
For travel around the country. Cost for roads is payed through modern taxes.